INTRODUCTION Thread embedding acupuncture (TEA) is a special type of acupuncture that inserts certain medical threads (eg, catgut or polydioxanone) into subcutaneous tissue or muscles at specific points. Although TEA has been widely used for the treatment of musculoskeletal pain in Korea, China and Taiwan, evidence regarding its efficacy is lacking. The aim of this protocol is to evaluate the e...

In an attempt to explain how and why some individuals with musculoskeletal pain develop a chronic pain syndrome, Lethem et al. (Lethem J, Slade PD, Troup JDG, Bentley G. Outline of a fear-avoidance model of exaggerated pain perceptions. Behav Res Ther 1983;21:401±408) introduced a so-called `fear-avoidance' model. The central concept of their model is fear of pain. `Confrontation' and `avoidanc...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Pregnancy triggers a wide range of changes in a woman's body leading to various musculoskeletal dysfunctions. Most commonly reported musculoskeletal discomforts by pregnant women are low back pain and symphysis pubis pain. The culture and the environmental factors may influence the discomforts experienced by a pregnant woman. There is a dearth of literature in India, r...

Pain in joints (Waja ul Mafasil) is a major clinical problem that may or not be associated with inflammation. Researchers and Clinicians are rigorously working to find out the best treatment modality management of joint pain. Unani physicians claimed various disorders help several Tadabeer. The objective this critical review address claims studies conducted on efficacy Dalk Hijama Classical lit...

BACKGROUND Patients with musculoskeletal pain account for a large number of consultations in primary care. Improving our understanding of factors that make patients seek care could be of interest in decision making and prevention in the health care system. OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to examine if health anxiety, somatization and fear-avoidance beliefs were of importance for care-seeking w...

OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate whether associations of psychological risk factors with the incidence and persistence of disabling musculoskeletal pain differ from those for non-disabling musculoskeletal pain. METHODS As part of the international Cultural and Psychosocial Influences in Disability (CUPID) study, 1105 Spanish nurses and office workers were asked at baseline about healt...

International Electronic Journal of Medicine (IEJM) is an open access electronic journal that covers all aspects of medicine and medical sciences. We invite authors from all over the world to send their manuscripts to IEJM. Manuscripts submitted to IEJM go through a peer review process before publication in IEJM. We will ask our reviewers to finish the papers’ review within two weeks. Authors a...

The intensive, individualized management algorithm incorporated into the “treat to target” approach to rheumatoid arthritis includes an expanded role for the rheumatology nurse. Recently added job responsibilities for nurses include in-depth patient evaluation, care coordination assistance, referral facilitation, and patient self-management education and support. However, there is a critical sh...