A review of 3D printed concrete: Performance requirements, testing measurements and mix design

As one of the ways contributing to progress industrialization construction industry, 3D printed concrete (3DPC) has attracted more and attention in recent years. The utilization 3DPC can accelerate speed, save labor raw materials, as well improve design freedom without formworks. However, most significant challenges for application is printing materials. These a difference mixtures performance between normal concrete. In order provide an intensive reference future studies satisfy requirements structures, this study firstly reviews 3DPC, including printability, fresh hardened mechanical properties, durability. Based on this, specialized test methods are reviewed effective quality evaluation 3DPC. last part presents review mix from point view different materials approaches. results show that needs meet printability it higher rheology, hydration, green strength than interlayer bond key anisotropic durability degradation. More accurate testing standards should be developed. Besides, coarse aggregates recycled need considered