Effect of minimal pre-treatment on reverse osmosis using surface water as a source
نویسندگان
چکیده
Reverse osmosis is increasingly used in drinking water supply for treatment of fresh sources which can directly result high quality water. In practice reverse never applied on sources, predominantly because the occurrence membrane fouling. Strategies to control fouling without expensive and extensive pre-treatment include low flux operation, increase cross-flow velocities improved (periodic) hydraulic cleaning. The objective this research technically economically compare minimal pre-treated state-of-the art ultrafiltration surface obtain A parallel system with six 2540-type spiral wound elements has been systematically operated during several months only screens before osmosis. using did not stable however, also failed longer run. Lowering from 25 L/m2.h 10 RO resulted an approximately 10-fold decrease rate, while influencing pressure drop increase. Periodical air cleaning 4-fold reduction spacer clogging affecting rate. total cost a (10 L/m2.h) was significantly lower (0.46 €/m3) compared state-of-the-art UF at normal (25 (1.21 €/m3). difference financial space provides opportunity develop systems clogging.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Desalination
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['1873-4464', '0011-9164']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2021.115056