Non-Tariff Measures Impact on Indonesian Fishery Export

Tariff and Non-Tariff Barriers to Trade

that restrict trade between countries in agricultural commodities. Many of these policies are now subject to important disciplines under the 1994 GATT agreement that is administered by the World Trade Organization (WTO). The paper is organized as follows. First, tariffs, import quotas, and tariff rate quotas are discussed. Then, a series of non-tariff barriers to trade are examined, including v...

The Impact of Strategic Sustainability Management and Export Environment on the Export Performance of Caviar

The purpose of this study was evaluation of export performance of Iranian caviar and identification of its affecting factors. Therefore, this study has examined  theimpact of variables like ability of strategic sustainability management, the measure of export market-oriented and export flexibility taking into consideration of environmental differences between internal and external market on exp...

The InvIsIble barrIers To Trade how busInesses experIence non-TarIff measures THE INVISIBLE BARRIERS TO TRADE

Trade Restrictiveness Indices in Presence of Externalities : An Application to Non-Tariff Measures

We extend the trade restrictiveness index approach to the case of market imperfections and domestic regulations addressing them. We focus on standard-like non-tariff measures (NTMs) affecting cost of production and potentially enhancing demand by increasing product quality or reducing negative externalities. We apply the framework to the database of Kee et al. (2009) and derive ad valorem equiv...

Non-Tariff Measures and Standards in Trade and Global Value Chains

We assess the literature on public and private quality standards and their impact in food markets, international trade, and global supply chains. We focus on their effects on welfare, trade, industrial organization, and labor markets and with special attention to the North-South context. We also attempt to better characterize when these measures constitute protectionism, a complicate task. We l...