Possible bottlenecks in clean energy transitions: Overview and modelled effects – Case Finland

Limiting the negative effects of human-induced global warming is focus climate policy worldwide. In European Union (EU), target for reaching carbon neutrality set to 2050, including a proposed renewable energy 45% 2030. Finland, government has pledged reach net-zero emissions already by 2035, which expected require large increases in wind and nuclear capacity, as well sector coupling with, e.g., transport heating. view these plans, this study evaluates feasibility attaining Finland while considering delays from potential bottlenecks, such limited raw material availability, fuel manufacturing import reliance. The literature review highlights considerable dependence technologies on critical materials other minerals, largely imported non-EU countries. Modelling revealed how increased biomass usage considerably reduces size national sinks, vital coming decade. light this, current strategy was shown be partially outdated short without analyzed bottlenecks. Subsequently, alternative measures improve sustainability reduce are presented. findings paper also relevant countries aiming emissions, especially those have strategies emphasizing bioenergy power.