Clinical use of diuretics

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on therapy in renal disease. Arch Intern Med 1981;141:1039–41. 4 Turner MW, Hutchinson TA, Barre PE, Richard S, Jothy S. A prospective study on the impact of the renal biopsy in clinical management. Clin Nephrol 1986;26:217–21. 5 Cohen AH, Nast CC, Adler SG, Kopple JD. Clinical utility of kidney biopsies in the diagnosis and management of renal disease. Am J Nephrol 1989;9:309–15. 6 Farrington K, Levison DA, Greenwood RN, Cattell WR, Baker LR. Renal biopsy in patients with unexplained renal impairment and normal kidney size. Q J Med 1989;70: 221–33. 7 Richards NT, Darby S, Howie AJ, Adu D, Michael J. Knowledge of renal histology alters patient management in over 40% of cases. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1994;9:1255–9. 8 Tomson C, Porter T. Asymptomatic microscopic or dipstick haematuria in adults: which investigations for which patients? A review of the evidence. BJU Int 2002;90: 185–98. 9 McGregor DO, Lynn KL, Bailey RR, Robson RA, Gardner J. Clinical audit of the use of renal biopsy in the management of isolated microscopic hematuria. Clin Nephrol 1998; 49:345–8. 10 Nakao N, Yoshimura A, Morita H, Takada M et al. Combination treatment of angiotensin-II receptor blocker and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor in non-diabetic renal disease (COOPERATE): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003;361:117–24. 11 Feehally J. Treating IgA Nephropathy – Who, When and How? Nephron Clin Pract 2003;93:C47–8. 12 Iseki K, Iseki C, Ikemiya Y, Fukiyama K. Risk of developing end-stage renal disease in a cohort of mass screening. Kidney Int 1996;49:800–5. 13 Kasiske BL. Relationship between vascular disease and age-associated changes in the human kidney. Kidney Int 1987;31:1153–9. 14 Ball S, Cook T, Hulme B, Palmer A, Taube D. The diagnosis and racial origin of 394 patients undergoing renal biopsy: an association between Indian race and interstitial nephritis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1997; 12:71–7. What are diuretics? How do they work?

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تاریخ انتشار 2012