Memory, Recall Dynamics
نویسندگان
چکیده
How do we search our memories to recall information that occurred in a given temporal context? In the laboratory, this basic question concerning human memory is addressed by asking people to study a sequence of individually presented items (typically words) and then to try to recall all of the items they can remember in any order. This task, first introduced by E.A. Kirkpatrick in 1894, is termed free recall. By analyzing the order in which participants freely recall list items, one can gain considerable insight into the nature of the recall process. The analysis of recall dynamics in free recall reveals several striking regularities. This entry first reviews five major phenomena that govern the way people search their memories: the effects of recency, primacy, contiguity, forward asymmetry, and semantic proximity. Subsequent sections discuss how these phenomena occur both in the patterns of correct recalls and recall errors, as well as in the latencies measured between successively recalled items. This entry closes with a brief discussion of the theoretical implications of these phenomena.
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