How we learn new skills ( a beginner ' s guide )

earning is often seen as 'the acquisition of information'. However, for theoretical and practical L purposes, such as training in surgical skills, this is too simplistic. Learning can be approached from several different perspectives. It can be like a product, emphasising the end result, for example, competence in resuscitation techniques. Alternatively, it can be seen as a process, emphasising what happens during the learning experience and in achieving a given outcome level, for example, the changes that occur in a trainee as they develop a satisfactory level of competence using dummies in a skills workshop. It can also be seen as a function, emphasising certain critical aspects of learning such as retention and transfer, which make learning possible e.g. maintaining a level of competence and being able to adapt it for a number of situations.' The aim of this article is to introduce the theories and some of the experimental findings of learning research. The focus will be on motor skill acquisition: the link between brain activity, transmission to the limbs and performance of the desired action.