Advances in Value Theory
نویسنده
چکیده
" Value, introduced by Lloyd Shapley in 1953, is a central concept in game theory and its applications. The value of a game to a player is best viewed as an a priori evaluation of his expected payoffs (in a similar way that the "utility" of a "gamble" or "lottery" is a measure ofthe.prospective outcomes). The Shapley value and its generalizations have been extensively studied, and continue to be the focus of much research, both theoretically (leading to interesting and deep mathematical problems), as well as in applications (in economics, political sciences, etc.). This paper surveys recent advances in the studyof the various value concepts. It covers mainly the last decade; the survey of Aumann (1978) is an excellent reference up to that date. We will deal here mostly with theory, the applications of value (which are becoming more and more abundant) being the subject of woilicrw~q. ,
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