International Journal of Cancer and Oncology
نویسندگان
چکیده
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed disease and one of the leading causes of death among woman worldwide. Treated patients often suffer from disease recurrence and metastasis due to presence of a subset of tumor cells known as breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Presence of BCSC is the reason for resistance and failure of therapy due to aberrant activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase, enhanced DNA damage, activation of self renewal signaling pathways and epigenetic deregulations. BCSC is a small cell population originating from normal breast stem cells, having unique characteristics such as self-renewal, high proliferation rate, ability to generate heterogeneity etc. BCSCs demonstrated aberrant activation of highly conserved signaling involved in developmental pathways such as Wnt, Notch and hedgehog as well as RTK, NF-κB and TGF-β signaling. Deregulation of these signaling pathways is frequently linked to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) which plays an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis by endowing cells with a more motile and invasive phenotype. The current review will focus on aberrant signaling and regulation of EMT in BCSC; and translation of the growing knowledge into development of targeted therapies.
منابع مشابه
Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced gastric and gastroesophageal cancer: Phase II clinical trial
Background: Gastric cancer is an important health problem across the world. Chemotherapy in combination with local treatment is standard treatment for locally advanced gastroesophageal cancers. The purpose of this investigation was evaluation of response and tolerability to neoadjuvant EOX regimen in locoregionally advanced gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: patients with locoregionally adv...
متن کاملRapidArc: Initial experience in high grade glioma
Background: Identify the optimal technique of radiotherapy for patients with high grade glioma. Our initial year of experience with RapidArc radiation therapy. Materials and Methods: Planning CT scans of 50 patients with grade IV glioma were reviewed and three plan sets by 3D Conformal Radiotherapy (3DCRT), Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) and Rapid Arc (RA) were generated and the plans ...
متن کاملAxillary irradiation in breast cancer; does meticulous contouring make a difference?
Background: Due to the current trends towards replacing axillary dissection with radiotherapy, the need for more precise definition for different nodal stations becomes a must to ensure safe and adequate dose coverage. So, our study aimed to evaluate the coverage of axillary nodal volumes based on Project on Cancer of the Breast (PROCAB) guidelines, for cases previously treated with our standar...
متن کاملUltrasound-guided boost irradiation of tumor cavity after lumpectomy in breast cancer
Background: After breast conserving surgery, most recurrences occur around the primary tumor site. This justifies the use of boost radiotherapy to the primary site of tumor. Surgical scar is not always a good surrogate for the location of the lumpectomy cavity. The aim of this study was to evaluate ultrasonic guidance for detection of the lumpectomy cavity after breast conserving surgery ...
متن کاملThe role of demographic features, pathologic subtype and classifications on prognosis in patients with Rhabdomyosarcoma referred to Iran Cancer Institute
Background: Rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare malignant soft tissue sarcoma and the most common sarcoma of childhood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of age and sex of patients, pathological subtypes and to determine the role of staging and classification of RMS on treatment outcome. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included patients who diagnosed with RMS ...
متن کامل