Closed-Loop Wastewater Recycling
نویسنده
چکیده
1 By Keith Dunne and John F. Russo C losed-loop water recycling is only one of several alternatives available when converting. to aaueous or semiaqueous cleaning. Most CFC users have been accustomed to operating a mature and well-defined process. Conversion to other cleaning technologies has forced users to develop entirely new skills and to develop a good working knowledge of the chemistry of water, wastewater and waste disposal. Much progress has been made during the last several years in the closed-loop water recycling of wastewater from aqueous and semiaqueous cleaning processes. However, the pioneering nature of closedloop or other treatment processes complicates the selection of the “ultimate” design. This is due to the wide range of performance capabilities of the various treatment processes currently available. Despite the increased knowledge of closed-loop systems in production lines, the basic understanding of different soldering chemistries is still in its infancy. In addition, demands from new cleaning agents and fluxes have further increased our need to understand and knowledgeably predict the performance of closed-loop systems. Approximately two years ago, with the impending phaseout of CFCs, Dictaphone Corp. established a goal to convert to a completely closed-loop cleaning process by 1995. I t was an environmental decision (not a result of any immediate problems), and it was ambitious. Dictaphone is a high-volume manufacturer of both surface-mount and through-hole PCBs. At that time, freon TMS was used to clean residual S A flux from our surfacemount product, and aqueous cleaning was used for through-hole product soldered using OA fluxes.
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