Work Team Effectiveness , a Review of Research from the Last Decade ( 1999 - 2009 )
نویسندگان
چکیده
considered as a central element in the functioning of organizations. This has been facilitated, at least partly, by a series of studies reporting the positive relations between team-based working and the quality of products and services offered by an organization (Gibson, Porath, Benson & Lawler, 2007). However, it has been the pressures deriving from the need to develop new business models in dynamic, uncertain and complex environments and the need for innovation that have led to a demand to adapt work structures traditionally revolving around individuals and to adopt organizational designs geared to change and based on teams (Lawler & Worley, 2006; West & Markiewicz, 2004). And indeed, this trend has been observed in all types of employment context, both private and public, including in the military (Kozlowski & Ilgen, 2006). Teams provide diversity in knowledge, attitudes, skills and experience, whose integration makes it possible to offer rapid, flexible and innovative responses to problems and challenges, promoting performance and improving the satisfaction of those making up the team. This is the result of what has been called the wisdom of crowds: increased capacity for achieving various types of performance made possible by the interaction of team members (Salas, Rosen, Burke & Goodwin, 2009). Thus, the success of organizations and the overall production of knowledge depend to a large extent on the effectiveness of teams (Wuchty, Jones & Uzzi, 2007). However, teams do not always act in this way, and sometimes fail to achieve the high performance expected of them (Sims, Salas & Burke, 2005). In fact, everyday experience tells us that in many cases teams, far from being mechanisms for capitalizing effectively and satisfactorily on collective effort, turn into black holes that relentlessly consume the physical, mental and emotional energies of their members. This tends to involve their wasting a great deal of effort to attain their goals – if indeed those goals are even met at all. Therefore, the challenge for research and intervention involves the effective integration of the contributions of The original Spanish version of this paper has been previously published in Psicología del trabajo y de las Organizaciones, 2010, Vol. 26, No 1, 47-71 ........... Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Ramón Rico, c/ Iván Pavlov, 6, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain. E-mail: [email protected] WORK TEAM EFFECTIVENESS, A REVIEW OF RESEARCH FROM THE LAST DECADE (1999-2009)
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