Gender Equality 1 Running Head: Gender Equality and Gender Hostility Gender Equality and Gender Hostility among University Students: a Multi-national Analysis*

This study assessed the extent of women’s hostility toward men and men’s hostility toward women among 18,093 university students who participated in the International Dating Violence Study in 27 nations. Results revealed a high prevalence of low-level hostility among both sexes. We also tested the theory that inequality generates antagonism, hypothesizing that there would be less hostility between women and men in more equal societies. Results from multi-level modeling revealed that the more equal women’s status, the less hostile women were towards men. In contrast, greater gender equality was not related to less hostility among men.