Multicausality - Effect modification
نویسندگان
چکیده
The rise of the germ theory of disease brought with it the paradigm of specificity of disease causation, in which diseases were specific entities and each specific disease had a specific cause. Since identifiable microorganisms could be linked to specific clinical syndromes and natural histories, this paradigm contributed to the dramatic progress in medical microbiology and development of antibiotics, which have transformed human vulnerability to infectious disease. The doctrine of specific causation proved something of a hindrance, however, in the study of noninfectious disease, notably in appreciating the health effects of tobacco smoke.
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