Male HBsAg carriers are more likely to develop HeC than female carriers (Anthony,
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چکیده
Male HBsAg carriers are more likely to develop HeC than female carriers (Anthony, 1984; Coursaget et aL., 1987), and there is some evidence that establishment of the carrier state prenataIIy or early in life is associated with a higher OR for HCC than establishment of a similar state in adulthood (Larouzé et al., 1976; London, 1981; Hsieh et al., 1992). Several factors other than HBV have been evaluated as causaIIy associated with HCC. ln particular, aflatoxins, drinking of alcoholic beverages and oral contraceptives have been determined to be human carcinogens (lARC, 1987, 1988, 1993). Whether these factors modify the effect of HBV in the causation of HCC is inconcIusive. The modifyng effect of concurrent infection with HCV on the action ofHBV is discussed in the monograph on HCV
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