Nonlinear projection with curvilinear distances: Isomap versus curvilinear distance analysis

Dimension reduction techniques are widely used for the analysis and visualization of complex sets of data. This paper compares two recently published methods for nonlinear projection: Isomap and Curvilinear Distance Analysis (CDA). Contrarily to the traditional linear PCA, these methods work like multidimensional scaling, by reproducing in the projection space the pairwise distances measured in the data space. However, they di6er from the classical linear MDS by the metrics they use and by the way they build the mapping (algebraic or neural). While Isomap relies directly on the traditional MDS, CDA is based on a nonlinear variant of MDS, called Curvilinear Component Analysis (CCA). Although Isomap and CDA share the same metric, the comparison highlights their respective strengths and weaknesses. c © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.