The Relationship between Perception of Time, Fear, Expected Anxiety and Hope in Pregnant Women and their Partners

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between perception of time and expected anxiety as well as perception of time and fear and hope in pregnant women and their partners. The population was all pregnant women and their partners who had visited a gynecologist in the city of Karaj, in Iran at 2015-2016. From this population, 120 participants (60 couples) were selected through convenient sampling. The instruments were Expected Anxiety Inventory of Tavakoli and Safarinia (2012), Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory (PFAI) by Conroy et al (2002) and Snyder Hope Scale (1998). The data was analyzed through Pearson correlation coefficient and bivariate linear regression analysis. The results indicated that there was a significant negative correlation between perception of time and expected anxiety and a significant positive relationship between perception of time and fear in pregnant women and their partners, with 99% confidence in both results. Moreover, there was no significant relationship between perception of time and hope in the participants. The results of the regression analysis for the relationship between perception of time and expected anxiety showed that generally, perception of time can alone predicts 21/4 % of expected anxiety in the participants. The results for the relationship between perception of time and fear indicated that perception of time can alone predict 40/1% of fear. In addition, in neither of these two relationships, hope can be significantly predicted by perception of time in pregnant women and their partners.