A recent editorial (1) speculates that increased scrutiny of gainof-function experiments and influenza research could “hobble the field.” The authors worry that up-and-coming young scientists might eschew virology careers entirely and that established and highly skilled scientists might avoid undertaking important research because of the potential for controversy (1). This concern echos the aut...

In his excellent book Hippocratic Oaths – Medicine and its Discontents Raymond Tallis fears that ‘medicine may be reaching the end of its course as a profession’. He also fears that ‘the present Government is in the process of removing control of postgraduate medical training from the control of the Royal Colleges’ by the creation of the Postgraduate Medical Education and Training Board (PMETB)...

Scholars of religion, including such luminaries as Durkheim, Rappaport, Turner, and Weber, have widely assumed that religion promotes intragroup trust among adherents. Recent applications of signaling theory to religious behavior among economists, cognitive scientists, and evolutionary anthropologists further endorse this assumption. However, trust has not been rigorously or consistently define...

This paper examines the encoding of speech acts in KQML at length and in ANSI X12 briefly. KQML is a speech-act-based language developed with ARPA funding, and X12 is the American standard for electronic data interchange (EDI) message formats. I conclude that although speech act theory is highly relevant to electronic communication, the needs of computers are different from those of humans. Com...

The Internet was designed to provide a communications channel that is as resistant to denial of service attacks as human ingenuity can make it. In this note, we propose the construction of a storage medium with similar properties. The basic idea is to use redundancy and scattering techniques to replicate data across a large set of machines (such as the Internet), and add anonymity mechanisms to...

Photo by National Cancer Institute on Unsplash
 INTRODUCTION
 Gift-giving patients or their families to physicians has happened since there were and physicians, in many places, it’s still quite common. It’s also potentially problematic, the why how of it offer important insight into physician-patient relationship human relationships more broadly. Yet ethicists, regulators, public have...

The article studies a set of three positive response strategies in Latin: the echo and particles ita sic. It aims to determine their functions division labour establish what kind agreement strategy existed Latin, based on typology systems by Sadock Zwicky (1985). main data for study are drawn from comedies Plautus Terence. Based position an utterance, attempt is made whether occurrences sic can...

I Begin By Thanking David Hildebrand, Daniel Brunson, and the program committee for magnificent job they have done under very difficult circumstances imposed by pandemic. I'd also like to thank their generous invitation present this 2021 Founders Lecture.Since is a Lecture, it seems appropriate recall that one of society's founders, Ralph Sleeper, said on more than occasion he would love séance...

Few of Shakespeare's tragic characters have had so marty detractors as Richard II, who has been variously dismissed as a capricious tyrant, a self-absorbed poet, and a Protean dramatic forcé whose unpredíctable actions at times threaten the structural integrity of the play. This perception has in turn influenced the interpretation of Bolingbroke as a competent antagonist who brings much-needed ...

The paper addresses some frequent objections to the claim that meaning is normative, thus defending the inferentialist construal of meaning that does entail this claim. The objections we discuss are (i) that there is no norm that assertions should aim at the truth, (ii) that there are no norms commanding us how to speak and (iii) that a normative account is bound to collapse into a naturalistic...