Colonial institutions in Africa were shaped by a variety of factors, including local conditions prior to colonial rule, the policies of the imperial power, and rapid economic change during and after the period of colonial conquest. This paper contributes to a growing literature on the origins and structure of colonial institutions. It examines a neglected but important part of colonial governme...

as a significant number of post-colonial writers have reread colonial masterpieces, the main purpose of the researchers in this study is a detailed analysis of among the believers by v. s. naipaul in the light of orientalism.this article is indeed a response to the representation of the orient, islam, and the islamic middle east in the west, in general, and in naipaul’s travel writing, in parti...

Since the nineteenth century, Tamil Brahmans have been very well represented in the educated professions, especially law and administration, medicine, engineering and nowadays, information technology. This is partly a continuation of the Brahmans' role as literate service people, owing to their traditions of education, learning and literacy, but the range of professions shows that any direct co...

This paper explores the social and political imperatives in the sphere of public policy relating to social justice. In India, the colonial legacy and post-colonial social and political pressures sustained the appropriation of ‘caste’ category in allocating public resources to the backward class of citizens. For several reasons, ‘economic’ category could not be placed in allocating resources. Th...

Sand is a key material foundation of modern cities. In Hong Kong, city founded in British mercantile imperialism, the extraction sand needed for construction and reclamation projects has always been tied up with violent dispossession. Experimenting forms poetics postcolonial new materialist critical theory, thinking sand’s distinctive materialities drift, this paper develops speculative critiqu...

This paper analyses how the 1950-61 conflict between Portugal and India over the territories that constituted Portuguese India (Goa, Daman and Diu) informed Portugal's relations with the World Health Organization's Regional Office for South East Asia (SEARO). The 'Goa question' determined the way international health policies were actually put into place locally and the meaning with which they ...