Optimal thermal processes were designed for white beans in glass jars heated in a still and end-over-end rotary pilot water cascading retort. For this purpose, isothermal kinetics of thermal softening of white beans were studied in detail using a tenderometer and a texturometer. The fractional conversion model was applied in both cases to model the texture degradation. The Arrhenius equation de...

When modeling the thermal performance of a building, it is very important to consider heat transport from wall building interior environment. In energy simulations (ES), convective transfer coefficient ( h c ) determines this transfer. Therefore, significant factor in calculation room temperature. field architecture, utilizes temperature turbulent zone as reference However, definition ambiguous...

The objective of the paper is a numerical study of heat transfer between perforated metal plates and the surrounding air flows. Different perforation structures can nowadays be found in various industrial products. Besides improving the mechanical properties, the perforations can intensify the heat transfer as well. The heat transfer coefficient depends on a wide range of parameters such as typ...

We formulate new multi-phase convective heat transfer equations by combining the three-dimensional (3D) Navier–Stokes equations, the energy equation and the Cahn–Hilliard equation for the phase field variable /ðx; tÞ. The density, viscosity, heat capacity and conductivity are functions of /ðx; tÞ. The equations are solved in time with a splitting scheme that decouples the flow and temperature v...