BACKGROUND Several clinical trials have shown that vernakalant is effective in terminating recent onset atrial fibrillation (AF). The electrophysiological actions of vernakalant are not fully understood. METHODS AND RESULTS Here we report the results of a blinded study comparing the in vitro canine atrial electrophysiological effects of vernakalant, ranolazine, and dl-sotalol. Action potentia...

Background.  Many mechanisms are involved in pain transmission in the spinal cord.  Therefore, combination of drugs acting on different kinds of mechanisms might be useful for analgesia.  We investigated the interaction betweenγ-aminobutyric acid （GABA）B receptor agonist, baclofen, and N-methyl-D-aspartate （NMDA） receptor antagonist, AP-5, orα-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid ...

Agriculture, by its intentional design, manipulates the ecological functions of soils. It does so altering carbon and nutrient inputs; controlling plant community; in case tillage, physically disrupting redistributing soil within profile. While there are many studies that contrast microbiomes across farming systems, few have examined effect system on vertical organization taxa We hypothesized l...

background: epidemic and endemic cholera is a major public health problem for many   countries. aim of this study was to evaluate ap-pcr for investigation of clonal relatedness among the strains of vibrio cholerae recovered from an out­break occurred in different parts of iran in 2005. methods: the study was conducted during the cholera outbreak occurred in some of provinces in iran in summer 2...

ten field isolates of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) from different geographical areas of iran were analyzed by random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd). rapd analysis produced reproducible banding patterns on the basis of which various distinct amplification patterns could be detected. mg isolates compared with reference strains (s6 and mg ss) and vaccine strain (ts-11) and demonstrated d...