This paper focuses on the practical significance of visual tools in Knowledge Management (KM) and Information Systems (IS) development in the context of the development of MaKE, a KM method. Visual tools are used extensively in KM and IS. However, this paper identifies a dilemma in the use of visual tools and examines how this dilemma was addressed during the development of some visual tools in...

It is generally said that code clone is a factor to make software maintenance difficult. A code clone is the set of code portions in source files that are identical or similar to another. If we make some changes in such a code portion, it might be necessary to apply the same changes in its clones. A code clone introduced by ‘copy-and-paste ’reusing tends to have gaps because the developer often...

Code clone has been regarded as one of factors that make software maintenance more difficult. A code clone is a code fragment in a source code that is identical or similar to another. For example, if we modify a code fragment which has code clones, it is necessary to consider whether we have to modify each of its code clones. Hence, removal of code clones makes maintainability and comprehensibi...

cancer in this country because we know the primary cause is tobacco. The problem has almost moved from it being a research problem to being a public health problem.' One of the problems facing researchers is that lung cancer patients are more ill by the time they are diagnosed than many other patients. But there has been substantial progress in fighting the disease, at least in men from the hig...

We use comparisons between the shapes of gravitational lens galaxies and models for their mass distributions to derive statistical constraints on the alignment of the mass distribution relative to the observed lens galaxy and on the strength of tidal shear perturbations. The mass distributions are aligned with the luminous galaxies, with a ∆θ 2 1/2 < 10 • upper limit on the dispersion in the an...