the monolithic catalytic converter is still the main pollution control device for modern vehicles in order to reach the ever-increasing legislative demands for low emission standards. the catalytic converters require a large expansion from the exhaust pipe to the front face of the monolith. unfortunately, packaging constraints often do not permit the use of long diffusers. hence, flow separatio...

This work presents a disruptive approach to promote highly-efficient photo-Fenton process at neutral pH under continuous mode operation. The system consists of tube-in-tube membrane reactor designed for continuous-flow titration low iron doses the annular reaction zone (ARZ). A concentrated acidic ferrous ion (Fe2+) solution is fed by lumen-side membrane, permeating through pores (inside-out mo...

Single-phase heat transfer and pressure drop tests were conducted in a tube with two types of twisted tapes. Each tape had exactly similar physical parameters made the same material except that each an opposite twist resulted clockwise anticlockwise flow swirl, i.e., left turn right turn, respectively. type ratio 4 5.5 on 180° twist. The tapes tested tube-in-tube exchanger having 2 m length. in...

Notations /3, Prest a outer radius of the tube A apparatus constant t b distance to screen (in App. B) Tliq Bn 3 dB-bandwith B l o n g longitudinal magnetization of RL the tube gin, Vout C O ~ ]~Ni~ONi l velocity of propX agation of torsional waves in a XL tube without losses y C, C~, C2, C3 constants z deff thickness of "immobilized Z liquid layer" Z L f frequency a fn resonance frequency /~ F...

In this paper melting of a carreau non-Newtonian PCM in the space between two concentric horizontal tubes, which is partially filled with porous material different shapes but same area, investigated numerically. A magnetic source located center geometry for process to occur presence ferro-hydrodynamic effects. Porous made Cu that covers cross-section inner tube. addition, and outer tubes satura...

This work initially focuses on developing a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of an industrialscale steam methane reforming reactor (reforming tube) used to produce hydrogen. Subsequently, we design and evaluate three different feedback control schemes to drive the area-weighted average hydrogen mole fraction measured at the reforming tube outlet ( x̄H outlet 2 ) to a desired set-point va...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect an elastic wall on peristaltic flow Williamson fluid between two concentric cylinders, where inner tube cylindrical with inelastic and outer a regular sine wave. For problem, coordinates are used short wavelength relative channel width for its length, as well governing equations in Navier-Stokes equations. results evaluated using Mathematic...

An ultra-sensitive and quantitative diagnostic system by combining nested PCR and TaqMan PCR in a single tube was developed for detection of "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus". The procedure involves two PCR steps using the species-specific outer and inner primer pairs. Different annealing temperatures allow both the first and the second rounds of PCR to be performed sequentially in the same c...

Subcooled flow boiling was experimentally investigated in a horizontal annulus with temperature-controlled surface and transparent outer pipe facilitating visualization. Boiling occurs on copper tube diameter of 12 mm an 2 gap. Refrigerant R245fa is used as working fluid. The focus this study to explore the effect heat flux variation patterns at approximately constant inlet conditions fluid (fi...