As countries work towards improving their educational outcomes, systems of supervision and support to schools are frequent areas of reform. In 2009, Poland’s Ministry of Education (MoE) requested the World Bank’s assistance in exploring ways to improve teaching quality and educational outcomes through improved systems of supervision and support to schools. The World Bank therefore prepared a re...

On 16 January 2001, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision released its consultative document on The New Basel Capital Accord. This paper presents the views of Finnish Authorities (Bank of Finland, Financial Supervision Authority and Ministry of Finance) on the document. Our comments on the Consultation Document concentrate on a number of key issues and are summarised as follows. The detail...

The U.S. banking holiday of March 1933 was a pivotal event in twentieth-century political and economic history. After closing the nation's banks for nine days, administration newly inaugurated president Franklin D. Roosevelt restarted system as first step toward national recovery from global Great Depression. In conventional narrative, succeeded because used his talents to restore public confid...

Abstract Regulators often delegate monitoring to local supervisors, which can improve information collection, but also lead agency problems and capture. We document that following the closure of a US bank regulator’s field offices, banks they previously supervised actively increased their risk failure by distributing cash, increasing leverage, lending more than similar at same time place. Super...

This paper has investigated a possible relationship between credit market structure and bank development in Iran and selected developing countries, using a panel regression analysis. Accordingly, the bank development index is proxied by the allocated credits to private sector, while a dummy variable has been defined as a proxy for credit market. To estimate the regressions, we have used data of...