Using longitudinal data collected over 2 years on a sample of 2,745 urban elementary school children (1st-6th graders, ages 6-11 years) from economically disadvantaged communities, effects of stressful experiences within 3 contexts (school, family, neighborhood), cumulative stress, and multiple context stress on 3 indices of children's adjustment (achievement, depression, and aggression) were e...

There has been a long standing interest in the possible association of stress with illness. A host of studies have suggested a positive relationship between life events and physical illness (Wolff, 1950; Schmale and Engel, 1967; Holmes and Rahe, 1967; Grant et al, 1974). A similar relationship between the onset of psycliiatric illness and life events has also been observed but with lesser consi...

Exposure to restraint and brief intermittent tailshocks facilitates associative learning of the classical conditioned eyeblink response in male rats. Based on evidence of sex differences in learning and responses to stressful events, we investigated sexually dimorphic effects of a stressor of restraint and intermittent tailshock on classical eyeblink conditioning 24 h after stressor cessation. ...

Stress can influence health throughout the lifespan, yet there is little agreement about what types and aspects of stress matter most for human health and disease. This is in part because "stress" is not a monolithic concept but rather, an emergent process that involves interactions between individual and environmental factors, historical and current events, allostatic states, and psychological...

aim and background: it is estimated that coronary heart diseases (chd) will be the major cause of mortality by the year 2020. the traditional factors such as age, genetics, smoking and obesity, account only half of the variance in chd.  therefore, regarding increasing concern about the psychosocial factors, the purpose of present study was to evaluate the role of personality, stress and social ...

This study evaluated qualitative reports of stressful life events from young rural adolescents and examined the relationship between stressor themes and depressive symptoms. A phenomenological approach guided content analysis of qualitative data. Number of themes within each response was tabulated, and association with depressive symptoms was then examined. Stressors were categorized into four ...

Depression is generally precipitated by stressful life events, which suggests that there could be differences in response to stress in individuals at risk for depression compared to normal subjects. To test this hypothesis, we compared individuals who scored high on ruminative coping, a risk factor for depression, to individuals low on ruminative coping. We used the Trier Social Stress Test (TS...

Purpose of the Review Intrusive memories are those that spring to mind unbidden, e.g. sensory recollections of stressful/traumatic events. We review recent methods to monitor intrusions of a stressor (a trauma film) within the laboratory. Recent Findings Recent studies suggest three main methodologies after viewing a trauma film by which to monitor intrusions in the laboratory: during post-fi...

BACKGROUND Heart rate variability (HRV) measures homeostatic regulation of the autonomic nervous system in response to perturbation and has been previously shown to quantify risk for cardiac events. Despite known interactions among stress vulnerability, psychiatric illness, and cardiac health, however, this is the first study to our knowledge to compare directly the value of laboratory HRV in p...