The symptoms of jet lag cause distress to an increasing number of travelers. Potentially they may impair sleep, mood and cognitive performance. Critically timed exposure to bright light and melatonin administration can help to reduce symptoms. Bright light is one of the most powerful synchronizers of human rhythms and melatonin serves as a "dark pulse" helping to induce nighttime behaviors. Thu...

according to concern the role of population on growth of economic, in this study proceeds the study of age structure population on growth of iran’s economic. to achieve the experimental results, period of 1966-2009 is selected and used of auto regressive distributed lag method to achieve the experimental results. independent variables include the per capita income, population growth rates of 64...

Economists have widely applied the correlation integral of Grassberger and Procaccia (1983) to determine the dimension of a nonlinear dynamical system. A key judgmental input into this procedure is the choice of delay time for reconstructing a possible attractor. The literature, however, lacks a rigorous procedure for choosing the delay time. In this paper, I apply a simple nonparametric test f...

We model the conditional mean and volatility of stock returns as a latent vector autoregressive (VAR) process to study the contemporaneous and intertemporal relationship between expected returns and risk in a flexible statistical framework and without relying on exogenous predictors. We find a strong and robust negative correlation between the innovations to the conditional moments that leads t...

This paper proposes a second-order terminal sliding mode control for a class of uncertain input-delay systems. The input-delay systems are firstly converted into the input-delay free systems and further converted into the regular forms. A linear sliding mode manifold is predesigned to represent the ideal dynamics of the system. Another terminal sliding mode manifold surface is presented to driv...

This paper addresses the disturbance attenuation problem for multivariable linear systems with a delayed input. To solve this problem, we use a static feedback based on a state prediction, which allows us to analyze an equivalent linear system without delay. Then, geometric conditions are given on this new equivalent system, and a numerical example illustrates our results.Copyright c ©2005 IFAC

Many transmeridian travellers, including top athletes, regularly take melatonin to reduce negative jet lag symptoms. Standard (rather than individually tailored) doses are often used. We examined the effects of a standard dose of melatonin on the body temperature rhythms of 12 elite biathletes (eight men and four women) after an eastward transmeridian flight to an international competition. The...

Jetlag reflects a mismatch between local and circadian time following rapid timezone travel [1]. Appropriately timed bright light can shift human circadian rhythms but recovery is slow (e.g., 1-2 days per timezone). Most symptoms subside after resynchronization, but chronic jetlag may have enduring negative effects [2], including even accelerated mortality in mice [3]. Melatonin, prescription d...

introduction: direction and latency of electrical connectivity between different sites of brain explains brain neural functionality. we compared efficiency of cross correlation and phase locking methods in time lag estimation which are based on local field potential (lfp) and lfpspike signals, respectively. methods: signals recorded from mt area of a macaque’s brain was used in a simulation app...