where d = thickness of the film, ,o = resistivity of the film, = resistivity of the bulk material having the same structure and approximately the same number of defects as the films, l0 = mean free path of the charge carriers. The values of l0 calculated by the two methods were found to agree satisfactorily. Figs. 7 and 8 show the variation of the Hall mobility (/̂ H) with film thickness and sub...

The classical Stoney formula relating local equibiaxial film stress to local equibiaxial substrate curvature is not well equipped to handle realistic cases where the film misfit strain, the plate system curvature, and the film thickness and resulting film stress vary with in-plane position. In Part I of this work we have extended the Stoney formula to cover arbitrarily non-uniform film thicknes...

Gold films on poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) have applications in stretchable electronics, tunable diffraction gratings, soft lithography and as neural interfaces. The electrical and optical properties of these films depend critically on the morphology of the gold. Therefore, we examine qualitatively and quantitatively the factors that affect the morphology of the gold film. Three morphologies c...

The absorption coefficient of CdTe is large enough to assure that all of the visible light is absorbed in a thickness on the order of 1 μm. High efficiency devices are fabricated by using close-spaced sublimation (CSS)-deposited CdTe films with a thickness in the range of 6–8 μm. In order to decrease the thickness of the CdTe film, a novel approach has been used. On top of the CdTe film, whose ...

Thin films of copper, with thickness between 0.1 and 3 mm, were vapor-deposited on 12.7 or 7.6-mm-thick polyimide ~Kapton! substrates. They were tested in a microtensile tester in which the strain is measured by optical diffraction from a microlithographically applied grid. The Young modulus is independent of film thickness and is about 20% below the value calculated from single-crystal elastic...

Objective: Radiochromic EBT3 film is a later generation of radiochromic films. The aim of this study is to compare EBT and EBT3 radiochromic films in radiotherapy fields of breast cancer.Methods: A RANDO phantom was irradiated by a 6 MV Siemens Primus linac with medial and lateral fields of radiotherapy of breast cancer. Dosimetry was performed in various points in the fields using EBT and EBT3...

The aim of this study was to obtain a quantitative analysis of the film thickness of a root canal sealer formed after filling by three different techniques. Thirty human maxillary incisors were selected and access cavities were prepared using high-speed diamond stones and water spray. A size #15 K-Flexofile was introduced in the canal of each specimen until it was seen just at the apical forame...

In this work, we studied the growth tendency of TiO2 thin films deposited on a narrow-stripe area (<10 μm). TiO2 thin films were selectively deposited on OTS patterned Si(100) substrates by MOCVD. The experimental data showed that the film growth tendency was divided into two behaviors above and below a line patterning width of 4 μm. The relationship between the film thickness and the deposited...