It is conventionally thought impermissible to force treatment on a patient, even when his life is at stake. Following Kant or Mill, we may defend this convention either by appealing to the inviolability of autonomy, or to the benefits of treating liberty as inviolable, subject only to considerations of harm to others. In both cases, an exception might be made for mental illness. For Kant, auton...

requested that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) conduct another assessment of the projected impacts of extended framework dates for duck hunting. To better assess the potential impact, the Service asked the Flyway Councils to survey their respective States concerning their interests in extended framework dates in each of their duck-hunting zones. Based on this survey, which assumed ...

The predominant display of document retrieval results is a ranked list of query-biased summaries. When examining and processing search results, users must make complex decisions about how to allocate their time and relevance judging effort between evaluation of summaries and the full documents reachable with a mouse click on a summary. We performed a cluster analysis of the search results proce...

this paper aims to contribute to the ongoing debate over the role of host country factors in conditioning the growth effects of foreign direct investment (FDI). Within a general cross-country growth empirics framework, a newly compiled dataset is used to test the hypothesis that countries which adopt a liberal approach to the regulation of FDI benefit more from a given flow of foreign investmen...

Purpose – There are a lot of discussions about privacy in relation to contemporary communication systems (such as Facebook and other “social media” platforms), but discussions about privacy on the Internet in most cases misses a profound understanding of the notion of privacy and where this notion is coming from. The purpose of this paper is to challenge the liberal notion of privacy and explor...

This paper examines the mechanics of intertemporal information provision in dynastic governments. It has been suggested that “horizontal accountability,” i.e., a system of governance where cross-checking capabilities lie outside the executive branch, can ensure credible information transmission. The results here suggest a cautious approach to that view. Government is modelled as a dynastic sequ...

Physiologic end points for fluid resuscitation in septic shock patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) have been undertaken in randomized studies using the Early Goal-Directed Therapy (EGDT) approach. These studies have demonstrated a beneficial effect on in-hospital mortality with EGDT. The Saline versus Albumin Fluid Evaluation (SAFE) randomized study in critically ill patients demonstrated n...

A b s t r a c t In this paper, we briefly discuss the dynamic and functional approach to computer symbolic tensor analysis. The ccgrg package for Wolfram Language/Mathematica is used to illustrate this approach. Some examples of applications are attached.

In this article, we propose a fuzzy class relation assigning to each pair of finite fuzzy sets a degree to which they are equipollent, which indicates that they have the same number of elements. The concepts of fuzzy sets and fuzzy classes in the class of all countable sets are introduced, and several standard relations and constructions, such as the fuzzy power set and exponentiation, are defi...