The emergence of nanotechnology has been an interesting innovation in this current age which is permeating rapidly into the various fields such as medicine, materials science, pharmacy, environmental protection, agriculture. Consequently, high reactivity these compounds great concern there more interaction with humans, biological and elements ecosystem. However, limited knowledge on risk toxici...

background: health records serve several purposes and must be retained to meet those purposes. these varied purposes influence how long health records must be kept, or their retention period. the present study aimed to recognize laws and procedures related to retention of health records in selected countries and provide a proposed guideline for iran. methods: this was an applied, descriptive-co...

Wet-chemistry methods have crucial advantages for the synthesis of nanostructures, including simple, low-cost, large-area, and low-temperature deposition on almost arbitrary substrates. Nevertheless, the rational design of improved wet-chemistry procedures is extremely difficult because, in practice, only post-synthesis characterization is possible. In fact, the only methods for on-line monitor...

The paper addresses the modular design of composite solving strategies for multicriteria ranking (sorting). Here a " scale of creativity " that is close to creative levels proposed by Altshuller is used as the reference viewpoint: (i) a basic object, (ii) a selected object, (iii) a modified object, and (iv) a designed object (e.g., composition of object components). These levels maybe used in v...

Growing interest in the biological activity of aminobisphosphonates has stimulated the development of methods for their synthesis. Although several general procedures were previously elaborated to reach this goal, aminobisphosphonate chemistry is still developing quite substantially. Thus, innovative modifications of the existing commonly used reactions, as well as development of new procedures...

Peptide synthesis has been developed into one of the most efficient synthetic procedures in organic chemistry. The problems of orthogonal functional group protection and amide bond formation without racemization have been developed in a number of ingenious strategies. Optimization, in particular, has been achieved in stepwise solid phase synthesis. This in turn made possible the development of ...