b a ckground: diabetes is an important disease. this disease is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from perturbation in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. honey bee venom contains a wide range of polypeptide agents. the principle components of bee venom are mellitin and phospholipase a2. these components increase insulin secretion from the β-cells of pancreas....

Glucose homeostasis is regulated primarily by the opposing actions of insulin and glucagon, hormones that are secreted by pancreatic islets from beta-cells and alpha-cells, respectively. Insulin secretion is increased in response to elevated blood glucose to maintain normoglycemia by stimulating glucose transport in muscle and adipocytes and reducing glucose production by inhibiting gluconeogen...

Glucose-stimulated insulin granule exocytosis in pancreatic beta-cells involves cortical actin remodeling that results in the transient disruption of the interaction between polymerized actin with the plasma membrane t-SNARE (target membrane soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) complex. To examine the mechanism underlying the initiation of cortical actin remode...

In pancreatic beta-cells, voltage-dependent K(+) (Kv) channels are potential mediators of repolarization, closure of Ca(2+) channels, and limitation of insulin secretion. The specific Kv channels expressed in beta-cells and their contribution to the delayed rectifier current and regulation of insulin secretion in these cells are unclear. High-level protein expression and mRNA transcripts for Kv...

Objective(s): Diabetes mellitus has been suggested to be the most common metabolic disorder associated with magnesium deficiency. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of magnesium supplementation on insulin receptor activity in elderly type 2 diabetes using a rat model and to provide experimental evidence for insulin resistance improvement by magn...

Objective: Adipocyte and skeletal muscle are important tissues which contribute the development and progression of metabolic disorder. Insulin has a major regulatory function on glucose metabolism in these tissues by redistributing glucose transporter (GLUT4) from intracellular vesicles to the cell surface. Today, due to the side effects of chemical medications attendance to herbal medicines is...

objective(s) pde3 has a functional role in insulin secretion and action. we investigated the metabolic effects of new synthetic pde3 inhibitors (mc1, mc2, mc5 and mc6), on mice and hyperglycemic rat. materials and methods the test compound or solvent was injected subcutaneously to mice, for 7 days. on day 8, blood and liver samples were obtained. in hyperglycemic rat, 0.5 g/kg glucose with or w...

The yeasts Pichia pastoris and Saccharomyces cerevisiae have similar overall features regarding the secretory expression of insulin. The S. cerevisiae mating factor alpha (alpha-factor) prepro-leader facilitated the secretion of an insulin precursor, but not proinsulin expressed in P. pastoris. Synthetic prepro-leaders developed for the secretory expression of the insulin precursor in S. cerevi...

Stressors such as chronic hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia may lead to insufficient insulin secretion in susceptible individuals, contributing to type 2 diabetes. The molecules mediating this effect are just beginning to be identified. Uncoupling protein (UCP)-2 may be one such negative modulator of insulin secretion. Accumulating evidence shows that beta-cell UCP2 expression is upregulated by g...

Potassium inwardly rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 15 (KCNJ15) is a type 2 diabetes-associated risk gene, and Kcnj15 overexpression suppresses insulin secretion in rat insulinoma (INS1) cells. The aim of the current study was to characterize the role of Kcnj15 by knockdown of this gene in vitro and in vivo. Human islet cells were used to determine the expression of KCNJ15. Expression of...