The present study investigates the influences of stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on intensity isentropic mixing based ERA-Interim MERRA-2 reanalysis products. It is found that in stratosphere modulated by QBO ENSO. An analysis basis function multiple regression model reveals lower suppressed equatorial region WQBO phase, while enhances subt...

heavy precipitation plays a significant role in arid and semi-arid regions of iran. in order to understand the effect of blocking high system on rainfalls in northwest iran during 25 - 28 october 2008, meteorological conditions including pressure, wind fields and temperature at multiple levels of the atmosphere were analyzed. sea level pressure, the 1000-500 hpa thickness, perceptible water, re...

Originally designed for applications over the ocean, satellite altimetry has been proven to be a useful tool for hydrologic studies. Altimeter products, mainly conceived for oceanographic studies, often fail to provide atmospheric corrections suitable for inland water studies. The focus of this paper is the analysis of the main issues related with the atmospheric corrections that need to be app...

introduction climate is a system consisting of atmosphere, lithosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. this system is involved in the exchange of energy and moisture among these five components. the exchanges link the atmosphere as the central component of the climate to other spheres. changes do not occur separately in this system; rather change in one component contributes to reactio...

Abstract Tropospheric delay is an important factor affecting high precision Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning and also the basic data for GNSS atmospheric research. However, existing tropospheric models have some problems, such as only a single function used entire atmosphere. In this paper, ERA5-based (the fifth generation of European Centre Medium-Range Weather Forecasts R...

Abstract. Due to its dryness, the subtropical free troposphere plays a critical role in radiative balance of Earth's climate system. But complex interactions dynamical and physical processes controlling variability moisture budget this sensitive region atmosphere are still not fully understood. Stable water isotopes can provide important information about several latter processes, namely subsid...

orography plays a substantial role in the formation and evolution of many atmospheric phenomena. observations indicate that two mountain ranges to the southwest of the red sea and west of iran (zagross mountain range) play a crucial role in the formation, evolution and activities of synoptic weather systems over iran. observations also, indicate that there are considerable differences between t...

Current spatial resolutions achieved by mesoscale weather forecast models allow them to be used generate the state of lowest layers atmosphere over areas as small a few square kilometers which corresponds typical size tropospheric area crossed Earth-space links. Furthermore, they evolution troposphere predicted with time stamp five minutes instead every hour large-scale makes attractive for rad...