We present Pic2PLex, a new test for assessing free productive vocabulary, the lexicon people use writing and speaking. Unlike existing vocabulary tests, Pic2PLex uses images as stimuli to let test-takers say something. A item comprises set of six different with common theme two answer sections: tenword section description section. Given image set, are instructed write ten words that come their ...

In 2012, the National Health Personnel Licensing Examination Board of Korea decided to publicly disclose all test items and answers to satisfy the test takers' right to know and enhance the transparency of tests administered by the government. This study investigated the effects of item disclosure on the medical licensing examination (MLE), examining test taker performance, psychometric charact...

Many animal species besides humans show evidence of individuality. Knowing how a risk-taker differs from its stay-at-home counterpart could not only help humans live more easily with our fellow creatures, says Lee Dugatkin of the University of Louisville, but also tell us a few things about ourselves and how we got this way.

Complex cognitive tasks, such as science inquiry, often involve a sequence of goals, each of which is pursued through a sequence of actions. Effective assessment of inquiry performance requires identification of these student goals. Markov decision processes (MDPs) have been used to infer goals and beliefs over a single directed sequence of actions (Baker et al., 2009), but multi-goal complex s...

In a simple simulated experiment we compare the risk perception and risk taking of participants to the concept of coherent risk measures. Using a sample of 50 participants the aim of our preliminary research is to test the defined experimental environment and define the further directions of its development. Using simulated financial positive homogeneity, subadditivity and monotonicity are perc...

We derive necessary and sufficient conditions in order for binary voting choices over a finite number of pairs of alternatives to be consistent with voter preferences that admit concave utility representations. These conditions imply simple testable restrictions on the location of voters’ ideal points, and can be used to predict individual voting behavior. On the other hand, if the location of ...

People’s choices can be predicted given information about their preferences. Learning people’s preferences is the inverse problem of inferring preferences from choices. Given the apparent relationship between choice prediction and preference learning, it is natural to ask whether the two are mutually consistent. Given weak assumptions, we show that no single, consistent model of the relationshi...

This paper studies differences in inequality perceptions, distributional norms, and redistributive preferences between East and West Germany. As expected, there are substantial differences with respect to all three of these measures. Surprisingly, however, differences in distributional norms are much smaller than differences with respect to inequality perceptions or redistributive preferences. ...