Glomerular filtration in the kidney is a continuous process that acts in concert with tubular reabsorption to prevent derangements of body fluid composition. Filtration is regulated by systemic factors, but it is also controlled by an intrinsic mechanism based on the anatomical connection between the distal nephron and the glomerular arterioles. Facing the threat of urinary salt loss, this mech...

objectives: this study aimed to assess and compare the apical sealing ability of herofill® soft-core system and lateral condensation technique in fine curved canals using the fluid filtration method. materials and methods: forty human mesiobuccal root canals of mandibular first molars with 25° to 40° curvatures were instrumented to an apical size 30/0.04. roots were randomly assigned to two exp...

PURPOSE To elucidate the potential of three-dimensional anterior segment optical coherence tomography (3D AS-OCT) for identifying filtration openings where aqueous humor flows from the sclera into the subconjunctival space. METHODS We used 3D AS-OCT and custom software to identify filtration openings, which were defined by pits and/or troughs in fluid-filled cavities in both horizontal and ve...

The evolution of the kidney has had a major role in the emigration of vertebrates from the sea onto dry land. The mammalian kidney has conserved to a remarkable extent many of the molecular and functional elements of primordial apocrine kidneys that regulate fluid balance and eliminate potentially toxic endogenous and xenobiotic molecules in the urine entirely by transepithelial secretion. Howe...

Na-driven fluid reabsorption prevents alveolar fluid accumulation. Hypoxia augments fluid filtration by hemodynamic effects and inhibits Na reabsorption in cultured cells. A combination of both effects in vivo causes alveolar flooding, edema, thickening of the diffusion barrier for oxygen, and hypoxemia, a life-threatening situation for mountaineers in remote high-altitude mountain ranges.