in this study the genetic diversity of wild caspian trout (salmo trutta caspius) in the sardabroud and astara rivers was evaluated using d- loop region sequencing. for this purpose, 35 specimens of adult caspian brown trout were collected from these rivers in the mazandarn and gilan provinces in fall and winter 2011. approximately 3-5 g of soft and fresh fin tissue was isolated and fixed in eth...

the research was accomplished in order to study behavioral and histopathological effects of copper on rutilus rutilus caspicus under experimental condition. the study was performed using water static method during 96 hours. 15 fish with averaged weight 2?0.5 g in weight were encountered to different concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 mg/l) of copper. a group of fish was considered as control...

Over the past decades the invasive Ponto-Caspian gammarid Dikerogammarus villosus spread throughout large rivers of central Europe, thereby rapidly displacing most of the native gammarid species. In 2003, D. villosus was fi rst observed in Lake Constance and was predicted to out-compete the native Gammarus roeselii. However, today the two species coexist at several sites. We hypothesized that a...

Saffron (Crocus sativus) stigma tablets were evaluated for short-term safety and tolerability in healthy adult volunteers. The study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled design consisting of a 1 week treatment of saffron tablets. Volunteers were divided into 3 groups of 10 each (5 males and 5 females). Group I received placebo; groups 2 and 3 received 200 and 400mg saffron tablets, respective...