Theorem 1 Suppose X is a smooth toric Fano 4-fold. Then X admits a totally nondegenerate abelian surface if X = P4, if X = P1 × P3 (type B4), or if X is a product of two smooth toric Del Pezzo surfaces (i.e. of type C4, D13, H8, L7, L8, L9, Q10, Q11, K4, U5, S2 × S2, S2 × S3 or S3 × S3). Otherwise there is no such embedding, unless possibly X is of type C3, D7, D10, D11, D14, D17, D18, G3, G4, ...

This paper analyzes the effects of a potential spillover on technology transfer of a multinational enterprise and on the host country policy. In particular, we examine how both parties’ incentives can be controlled through the ownership structure in an international joint venture. In contrast to existing arguments we show that spillovers must not always have negative effects on technology trans...

We study personalized price competition with costly advertising among n quality-cost differentiated firms. Strategies involve mixing over both prices and whether to advertise. In equilibrium, only the top two firms advertise, earning “Bertrand-like” profits. Social efficiency is U-shaped in the ad cost, with losses due to excessive advertising and sales by the “wrong” firm. Quality or cost impr...

I develop a model of R&D cooperation with uncertain research outcomes. In this model asymmetric outcomes of R&D competition emerge naturally. Therefore ex-ante and ex-post R&D cooperation can be studied as alternatives for firms. Using this model I compare welfare losses under ex-ante and ex-post R&D cooperation as the degree of product market competition varies. It emerges that the relative si...

In this paper, I analyze the trade-off between mimicking and counterprogramming strategies in the payand the advertiser-supported television industries. Two channels compete with respect to both program profile and program quality. I show that profile differentiation is higher under pay-support than under advertiser-support, as a consequence of the inability of channels to compete in price unde...

We model the idea that when consumers search for products, they first visit the firms which advertise more, or the firms whose advertising is more salient. Equilibrium prices and advertising efforts are increasing in consumer search costs. By contrast, equilibrium profits are nonmonotonic in search costs so firms are not necessarily better off if search costs rise. In our model, firms are engag...

I analyze the welfare implications of protecting intellectual property rights (IPRs) in developing countries through its impact on innovation, market structure, and technology transfer. FDI, tariffs, and cooperation are introduced to the strategic IPR literature. In a North-South framework, the Southern government sets the IPR policy strategically by anticipating the Northern firm’s decision on...

The paper studies equilibria for economies with imperfect competition and non-convex technologies. Following Negishi, firms maximise profits under downward-sloping perceived demand functions. Negishi’s assumptions, in particular the assumption of a single monopolistic competitor in each market, are relaxed. Existence of equilibria is obtained, under otherwise standard assumptions, for productio...

I present a model for consumer boycotts. The more a firm complies with consumers’ wishes, the higher its marginal cost, but the lower the probability of facing a consumer boycott. I show that the threat of a consumer boycott can increase the expected profits of firms. Firms lose out when they do face a boycott, but gain even more when their competitor does, giving them more market power. The st...

We experimentally demonstrate a method to create large-scale chip-integrated photonic crystal sensor microarrays by combining the optical power splitting characteristics of multi-mode interference (MMI) power splitters and transmission drop resonance characteristics of multiple photonic crystal microcavities arrayed along the length of the same photonic crystal waveguide. L13 photonic crystal m...