Possible physiological mechanisms to explain the flash-lag effect, in which subjects perceive a flashed item that is co-localized with a moving item as trailing behind the moving item, have been found within the retina of lower species, and in the motor pathways of humans. Here, we demonstrate flash-lag employing "second-order" moving and flashed stimuli, defined solely by their binocular-dispa...

CONTEXT Prolonged transmeridian air travel can impart a physical and emotional burden on athletes in jet lag and travel fatigue. Jet lag may negatively affect the performance of athletes. STUDY TYPE Descriptive review. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A Medline search for articles relating to jet lag was performed (1990-present), as was a search relating to jet lag and athletes (1983-January, 2012). Th...

Shear-lag equations for analysis of stresses in a multilayered composite were derived using a series of approximations to exact two-dimensional elasticity methods. The shear-lag equations derived with the fewest assumptions was termed the Optimal, Shear-Lag Analysis for planar problems in composites. A solution method for these equations was outlined based on eigen-analysis of a matrix of shear...

Rapid industrialization and urban development are the main causes of air pollution, leading to daily quality health problems. To find significant pollutants forecast their concentrations, in this study, we used a hybrid methodology, including integrated variable selection, autoregressive distributed lag, deleted multiple collinear variables reduce variables, then applied six intelligent time se...