Standard conceptions of how the environment influences the person are constrained by the dominant view of representation and, therefore, perception, cognition, and language as fundamentally consisting of encodings. I argue that this encoding view is logically incoherent. An alternative view of representation is presented, interactivism, and shown to avoid the incoherencies of encodingism. The i...

The major conceptions of cerebral blood flow (CBF) control developed in the 19th and 20th centuries are listed. The systems of CBF regulation are considered from the viewpoint of automatic control. In the classification of CBF regulation mechanisms, 4 types are identified. The effectors of CBF regulation, i.e. the specific arterial segments through which each type of regulation is accomplished,...

BACKGROUND The timing of folic acid supplement usage is critical to preventing pregnancies affected by neural tube defects (NTDs) because the neural tube closes by Day 28 post-conception. We investigated compliance of pregnant women with current folic acid recommendations (400 µg/day from preconception to 12 weeks) in relation to achieving a folate status associated with lowest risk of NTDs. ...

Abstract Background Research has indicated a lack of disease-specific reproductive knowledge among patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and this been associated increased “voluntary childlessness”. Furthermore, may contribute to inappropriate medication changes during or after pregnancy. Decision aids have shown support decision making in pregnancy as well multiple other chronic disea...