Virtual reality is becoming a popular tool to visualize 3D GIS data. Direct interaction with the GIS data, however, is often limited. In this paper, we present a multi-view approach to support 3D GIS interaction within VR-environments. This approach is implemented in the Karma VI system, using existing GIS and VR technology. We describe the multi-view approach, the system components and the int...

There is an increasing demand for 3D geographic simulation systems. Most systems currently available are closed and based on fixed architectures. Some systems allow us to develop and customize a 3D geographic simulation system, but this usually requires the writing of extensive program code. Especially in 3D geodisaster simulations, for example, we need to dynamically integrate 2D legacy GIS wi...

The three dimensional Geographic Information System (3D GIS) is an area of intensive investigations. A 3D GIS should be a system capable of maintaining and analyzing 3D spatial and thematic properties of real geographic objects. Most of the research efforts concentrate on stand-alone solutions. However, recent innovative technologies developed on the World Wide Web allow client-server alternati...

GIS can be readily used to manage and analyze 2D information and also afford 3D visualization of surface features. However, general-purpose GIS packages do not offer capabilities for constructing or visualizing 3D geologic models. GIS tools must, therefore, be appropriately tailored to handle geologic data and accommodate the special spatial analysis needs of geologic information. Since 3D geol...

Three-dimensional (3D) GIS is gaining more and more acceptance among both scientists and the general public. Though powerful in data visualization, 3D GIS is comparatively weak in geospatial analysis. In order to enhance 3D GIS’s analysis capability, we present an approach for integrating geospatial processing services into 3D GIS. The architecture of our approach contains four layers which are...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) transvaginal ultrasonography, power Doppler angiography (PDA) and gel infusion sonography (GIS) at offline analysis for recognition of malignant endometrium compared with real-time evaluation during scanning, and to determine optimal image parameters at 3D analysis. METHODS One hundred and sixt...

Urban environments like city centers are recognized as one of the most complex systems for modeling. Because of their high density of big buildings as well as their complicated processes, there is the strong need for planning and managing properly. Here, the heavy trend towards web-enabled systems can help to improve communication, organization and decision-making in favor. In the field of urba...

The foundation for the development of GIS throughout a local government is cadastral GIS applications. The applications need to maintain the cadastral data known as the tax assessment role, to evaluate land values including buildings and physical structures. Because the current 2D Cadastre systems with 3D visualizations (ArcScene) is a framework to support comprehensive land-related information...

During the last years the usage of 3D applications in GIS is becoming more popular. Since the appearance of Google Earth, users are familiarized with 3D environments. On the other hand, nowadays computers with 3D acceleration are common, broadband access is widespread and the public information that can be used in GIS clients that are able to use data from the Internet is constantly increasing....