Probabilistic design of structures is usually based on estimates of design loads with a large average return period. Design loads are often estimated using classical statistical methods. A shortcoming of this approach is that statistical uncertainties are not taken into account. In this paper, a method based on Bayesian statistics is presented. Using Bayes’ theorem, the prior distribution repre...

There are many models for hindcasting ice loads from meteorological data measured during freezing rain storms. Each model is based on the physics of the ice accretion process and on empirical observations. However, these models predict significantly different ice loads for the same freezing rain storm, making it difficult to use model results to determine design ice loads. In this paper, we des...

According to the problem that for a structure under random loads, the structural fatigue life can’t be directly calculated out by S-N curves and linear Miner cumulative damage rule. Owing to the uncertainty of loads, and the problem of the inaccuracy of calculated structural reliability index for the existence of deviation between measured data in projects and real data, the research method for...

In this article, an efficient methodology is presented to optimize the topology of structural systems under transient loads. Equivalent static loads concept is used to deal with transient loads and to solve an alternate quasi-static optimization problem. The maximum strain energy of the structure under the transient load during the loading interval is used as objective function. The objective f...

UNLABELLED The achievement of a well-balanced total knee arthroplasty is necessary for long-term success. We hypothesize that the dislocation of the patella during surgery affects the distribution of loads in the medial and lateral compartments. Intraoperative load sensors were used to record medial and lateral compartment loads in 56 well-balanced TKAs. Loads were recorded in full extension, r...

On a jack-up structure acts static loads (own weight, machines, installations and materials weight) and dynamic loads (waves, wind, marine currents, earthquake, operating installations). The authors led their analysis on the determining the dynamic loads produced by waves, wind and marine currents, in the Black Sea, because these are the main source in collapse of the structure. The structural ...

The Galerkin method is applied to analyze the elastic large deflection behavior of metal plates subject to a combination of in-plane loads such as biaxial loads, edge shear and biaxial inplane bending moments, and uniformly or nonuniformly distributed lateral pressure loads. The motive of the present study was initiated by the fact that metal plates of ships and ship-shaped offshore structures ...

Phosphorus (P) enrichment has been observed in the historic oligotrophic Greater Everglades in Florida mainly due to P influx from upstream, agriculturally dominated, low relief drainage basins of the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA). Our specific objectives were to: (1) investigate relationships between various environmental factors and P loads in 10 farm basins within the EAA, (2) identify ...

STUDY DESIGN A biomechanical in vitro study on porcine and human spinal segments. OBJECTIVE To investigate axial rotational stability of the thoracic spine under dorsal and ventral shear loads. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Idiopathic scoliosis is a condition restricted exclusively to humans. An important difference between humans and other vertebrates is the fact that humans ambulate in a ful...

Data from the United States Environmental Protection Agency Permit Compliance System national database were used to calculate annual total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) loads to surface waters from municipal and industrial facilities in six major regions of the United States for 1992, 1997, and 2002. Concentration and effluent flow data were examined for approximately 118,250 faciliti...