“Avoidable rework” is effort spent fixing difficulties with the software that could have been avoided or discovered earlier and less expensively. This definition implies that there is such thing as “unavoidable rework”. Reducing “avoidable rework” is a major source of software productivity improvement and most effort savings from improving software processes, architectures and risk management a...

In this lecture we present a few key results in production planning with known time-varying requirements under convex or concave production costs. Convex production costs arise when we need to utilize increasingly more expensive resources to achieve higher levels of production. As an example, consider a factory with a regular workforce. If demand is beyond the capacity of the regular workforce,...

In the given paper I present the information regarding quality metrics. Different quality factors can be imposing with relation to cost, schedule and rework. It’s very important to make quality assurance plans. For that you have to cover many milestones which can be represented in time sheets. The main characteristics of the quality models have covered in this paper.

  This article investigates integrated production-inventory models with backorder. A single supplier and a single buyer are considered and shortage as backorder is allowed for the buyer. The proposed models determine optimal order quantity, optimal backorder quantity and optimal number of deliveries on the joint total cost for both buyer and supplier. Two cases are discussed: single-setup-singl...

To regain market share in the competitive jet engine business, Pratt & Whitney has focused renewed emphasis upon cost reduction in engine development and manufacturing. Employing improved cost estimating techniques is complementary to achieving a reduction in total manufacturing cost. An increased awareness of relevant cost drivers will facilitate tradeoff decisions among competing alternatives...

To gain competitive leverage, firms that design and develop complex products seek to increase the efficiency and predictability of their development processes. Process improvement is facilitated by the development and use of models that account for and illuminate important characteristics of the process. Iteration is a fundamental but often unaddressed feature of product development (PD) proces...

Environmental-friendly technology helps to reduce waste and carbon emissions of an imperfect production system. In general, the defective products generated during “out-of-control” state are treated as waste. The single-stage manufacturing-remanufacturing system effectively depletes such spare parts within same cycle but causes a tremendous amount carbon. circumstance, green is highly recommend...

In the k-level uncapacitated facility location problem, we have a set of demand points where clients are located. The demand of each client is known. Facilities have to be located at given sites in order to service the clients, and each client is to be serviced by a sequence of k different facilities, each of which belongs to a distinct level. There are no capacity restrictions on the facilitie...