Human settlements experience continual change. In recent years, many rural areas have experienced dispersed grow (rural sprawl) and population declines in traditional village centers (Hollowing). These paradoxical phenomena have occurred in most developing countries, including rural Iran. This study examines this phenomena in three Iranian villages of Kahak area of Qom province, and develops a ...

For several decades,Iranian cities are experiencing major and fast urban growth. At the top of them is Tehran, Iran’s capital city, with doubled population in 30years from approximately 6 to 12.5 million in 2016. Undoubtedly such a magnificent raise in population has increasedthe need for settlements and the city has to respond to it. Today, Tehran,is the center for such exogenous development w...

In common with many rapidly growing nations, Qatar was experiencing a traffic fatality rate (in population terms) of about five times that experienced by many Western nations, including Australia. Like other Gulf states, Qatar had undergone rapid economic and social growth in the past several decades, but had not benefited from an evolved road safety culture which had existed in the US, Western...

accessibility to all levels of information technology has experienced rapid progress in recent years, particularly in the health sector. rapid penetration into this technology has led to changes in lifestyles and changes in the working procedures of institutions. in 2014, the number of internet users reached 3 billion, and this number is predicted to exceed 8 billion in 2018. statistics estimat...

China has experienced rapid urbanization and dramatic economic growth since its reform process started in late 1978. In this article, we present evidence for a significant urbanization effect on climate based on analysis of impacts of land-use changes on surface temperature in southeast China, where rapid urbanization has occurred. Our estimated warming of mean surface temperature of 0.05 degre...

IntroductionThe development of digitalization and measurement technologies in recent decades has enabled digital devices sensors to produce huge amounts data that great potential optimizing processes related production chains or service production. In the field bioeconomy, main are food biomass

Driven by rising income and urban population growth, China has experienced rapid urban expansion since the 1980s. Urbanization can have positive effects on the urban environment; however, improvement of urban environment quality, especially its divergence between relatively developed and undeveloped cities in China, is currently a rather rudimentary and subjective issue. This study analyzed urb...

BACKGROUND Although a number of studies on infectious disease trends in China exist, these studies have not distinguished the age, period, and cohort effects simultaneously. Here, we analyze infectious disease mortality trends among urban and rural residents in China and distinguish the age, period, and cohort effects simultaneously. METHODS Infectious disease mortality rates (1990-2010) of u...