The authors found that, concurrent with the rapidly growing index investment in commodity markets since the early 2000s, prices of non-energy commodity futures in the United States have become increasingly correlated with oil prices; this trend has been significantly more pronounced for commodities in two popular commodity indices. This finding reflects the financialization of the commodity mar...

Resulting from the incessant political and economic uncertainty that bedevils EAC region in recent past, various governments have used monetary policy changes response to shocks macroeconomic variables. However, available literature shows a non-agreement by scholars as far dynamics policy, external activity connections are concerned, for both country-by-country analyses regional assessments. Th...

the effect of symmetric (non-symmetric) foreign exchange rate shocks on iranian agricultural import and exports was explored throughout the current research.. time series of 1973-2007 along with hodrick and prescott filter method were employed. the results as obtained through vector error correction and johnson model indicated that positive (negative) shocks introduce positive (negative) effect...

Vanilla is one of the agricultural export commodities that has a very high economic value. plantation crop directed to Gratitude program or Export Triple Movement initiated by Minister Agriculture Syahrul Limpo in 2020, which targeted for five years unite strength all stakeholders development. Based on explanation opportunities support triple program, it can be seen from management's flow and q...

Foreign trade expansion plays an important role in economic growth and development. Since Iran’s single-product economy is facing tight sanctions, among trading partners, Turkey benefits from special place, and political independence in international relations because of its large population, rising per capita income, high economic growth rate, geographical and cultural proximity to Iran. Many ...

the dependence of iran's economy to oil revenues and affecting the political and economic issues on income have caused the vulnerability of the economy. one way to meet these challenges is expanding such products, on the one hand improving the domestic economy and on the other hand increasing the exports. among the agricultural products, medicinal plants have a special role in the domestic...

Export-import activities are based on the condition that no one country or region is truly independent because they need and complement each other. In order to increase growth of national economy, it necessary encourage non-oil exports. The aim this study analyze effect inflation gas commodity exports in 2017-2019. research conducted by researcher a quantitative correlation understanding relati...

On international markets, prices of grains (wheat, maize) and vegetable oils (rapeseed, sunflower, soybean, palm) have been rising since mid-2020. Biofuels play a major part in this increase, the war Ukraine, which began February 2022, has exacerbated it. fact link price these commodities to that crude oil: when oil rises, biofuels industry increases its demand for maize oils. Temporarily limit...

Crude oil blending is an important unit operation in petroleum refining industry. A good model for the blending system is beneficial for supervision operation, prediction of the export petroleum quality and realizing model-based optimal control. Since the blending cannot follow the ideal mixing rule in practice, we propose a static neural network to approximate the blending properties. By the d...