Calcium is an essential element for contraction of voluntary/smooth muscles, NT release, hormonal release, bone composition, acts as 2 nd messenger Calcium exists in bound form in blood and it is bound to albumin and phosphate Only 10% of the calcium is free and is active and performs its physiological function. An imbalance of Calcium can either result in: Hypercalcemiawell known symptoms incl...

This presentation focused on a hyperactive child admitted to the emergency department because of ataxia and imbalance. It was later discovered that the child had been abused by his mother. In cases where there is conflict between the clinical findings, the patient and the family's history in a clinical state which cannot be explained satisfactorily by the medical staff, the need for taking the ...

Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between the generation and elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [1]. Low or moderate amounts of ROS have beneficial effects on several physiological processes including wound healing, killing of invading pathogens and tissue repair processes [2]. However, excessive production of ROS can lead to damage of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), lipids and...

Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are important enzymes required in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation for creating the cellular environments to maintain numerous physiological processes ranging from development to wound repair. However, MMP activity is strictly controlled and imbalance in the levels of MMP family members and its inhibitors has been implicated as an etiological factor in sever...

More than 30% of cancer patients experience anemia and its side effect, fatigue. Its causes can be numerous, but anemia is usually secondary to an imbalance of cytokines. Among these, tumor necrosis factor-alpha seems to be the major culprit, creating anemia by blunting the physiological effect of erythropoietin. Pharmacologically increasing the erythropoietin level corrects the anemia in about...

We derive a continuum mechanical model to capture the morphological changes occurring at pretumoral stage of epithelial tissues. The proposed aims investigate competition between bulk elasticity epithelium and surface tensions apical basal sides. According this model, when apico-basal tension imbalance reaches critical value, subcritical bifurcation is triggered attains its physiological folded...

Tench, Tinca tinca, were exposed to three treatments (one acute lethal 96 hrs Lc50/48 hrs and two chronic sublethal 10 and 25% Lc50/504 hrs) each of Mercury, Cadmium and Lead and its behaviour as an indicator of impaired hematology was studied. It was observed that impairments in hematological parameters (increased/decreased Hct, Hb, RBC, WBC and Lct) were reflected in behaviour of fish in the ...

Tench, Tinca tinca, were exposed to three treatments (one acute lethal 96 hrs Lc50/48 hrs and two chronic sublethal 10 and 25% Lc50/504 hrs) each of Mercury, Cadmium and Lead and its behaviour as an indicator of impaired hematology was studied. It was observed that impairments in hematological parameters (increased/decreased Hct, Hb, RBC, WBC and Lct) were reflected in behaviour of fish in the ...

Physiological states associated with inositol starvation of spheroplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were investigated and compared with conditions preceding death of starved whole cells. In the absence of synthesis of inositol-containing lipids, cell surface expansion terminated after one doubling of whole cells. In spheroplasts, cessation of membrane expansion was apparently followed by rapid...

Tremor is a rhythmic involuntary movement of any body parts. Some peripheral and central mechanisms can produce it. The former includes peripheral mechanical oscillations and oscillations due to spinal reflexes. The latter includes central oscillations originated from some central pacemakers or network loops through cerebellum, basal ganglia or others.Weight loading on a body part is one method...