Performance-enhancing substances (PESs) are used commonly by children and adolescents in attempts to improve athletic performance. More recent data reveal that these same substances often are used for appearance-related reasons as well. PESs include both legal over-the-counter dietary supplements and illicit pharmacologic agents. This report reviews the current epidemiology of PES use in the pe...

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common mental health condition among military veterans, and research indicates that lifetime prevalence rates of PTSD among military veterans are higher than that of the general population (SAMHSA, 2007). The treatment of PTSD is often complicated by issues of comorbidity, such as substance use disorders, and treatment outcomes are poorer when comorbid...

Introduction Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was originally treated as a neurodevelopmental that occurs mainly in children and tends to diminish or disappear with age, but we now know symptoms persist into adulthood over 50% of ADHD patients. Undiagnosed individuals often turn psychoactive substance minimize the negative aspects functioning improve quality life. Methods The stud...

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and substance use have been associated with increased suicide ideation, but have rarely been examinedwithin a larger theoretical context of suicide risk. The interpersonal theory of suicide posits that feeling disconnected from others (i.e., thwarted belongingness) and feeling like a burden on others (i.e., perceived burdensomeness) are associated w...

BACKGROUND Comorbidity of psychiatric disorders and substance abuse can intensify both conditions, and when advanced age is added to the combination, the patient will face a distinctive array of issues. This study evaluated the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in elderly substance users as well as certain related factors. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed on 160 consenting e...

OBJECTIVES Episodes of agitation are frequent in intoxicated patients who have a substance use disorder, a psychiatric disorder or both (dual diagnosis). For managing the agitation, it is necessary to act promptly in a safe environment and addressing any underlying etiology. Inhaled loxapine improves symptoms of agitation in adults with psychiatric disorders (eg, schizophrenia) within 10 minute...

There has been an increase in research on the topic of psychedelic substances and their effects as treatment options neuropsychiatric conditions. Psilocybin is a drug that recently garnered increased interest effective modality for treatment-resistant depression, depression associated with terminal conditions, certain substance use disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder. However, sparse data ...