This essay provides a brief introduction to the topic of presupposition, and then discuses three major approaches to this phenomenon, focusing on the answers which each approach gives to two foundational questions: What is presupposition? And how, or why, does it arise? 1. The phenomenon Consider sentence (1): (1) Jane has stopped drinking coffee in the evening. Among other things, this sentenc...

Ricin, a potent ribosome-inactivating hetero-dimeric protein toxin (66kDa) produced in the seeds of the castor bean plant (Ricinus communis), is a Category B Agent on the Centres for Disease Control (CDC) Select Agent List. Using human small airway epithelial cells, this is the first study to investigate the timeand dose-dependent cytotoxic effects of ricin in a human cell line. Ricin (1100pM) ...

1. In incubated tubule fragments from renal cortex of fed rats gluconeogenesis from pyruvate was stimulated by adrenaline (1 pM optimum) and by the selective a-adrenergic agonists oxymetazoline and amidephrine. The selective fi-agonists isoproterenol and salbutamol were ineffective at concentrations up to 10pM. 2. Stimulation of gluconeogenesis by 1IpM-adrenaline was almost completely blocked b...

UNLABELLED The AIM OF THE STUDY was to determine postoperative insulin-resistance in patients subject to total thyroidectomy, the prevalence of subjective feelings of hunger immediately before surgery, and the incidence of nausea/vomiting after surgery in patients prepared for elective operations by means of oral glucose solutions. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group comprised 115 patients, ...

The number of older adults in the United States will double by Background 2056. Additionally, the number of licensed drivers will increase along with extended driving-life expectancy. Motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of injury and death in older adults. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) also negatively impacts driving ability and increases crash risk. Conventional methods to evaluate driving ab...

Background: The number of older adults in the United States will double by 2056. Additionally, the number of licensed drivers will increase along with extended driving-life expectancy. Motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of injury and death in older adults. Alzheimer's disease (AD) also negatively impacts driving ability and increases crash risk. Conventional methods to evaluate driving a...

Background The longitudinal associations of time in bed (TIB) (a composite indicator sleep duration, latency, and fragmentation) timing marker circadian rhythms) with dementia cognitive decline older adults are unclear. Method This population-based cohort study used data from 1982 participants the Shandong Yanggu Study Aging Dementia, who were aged ≥60 years, free dementia, living rural communi...