This paper studies how security design affects project outcomes. Consider a firm that raises capital for multiple projects by offering investors share of the revenues. The revenue each is determined ex post through bargaining with buyer output. Thus, choice feasible payoffs game. We characterize securities achieve firm’s maximal equilibrium payoff in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. In ...

This paper studies competitive allocations under adverse selection. We first provide a general necessary and sufficient condition for entry on an inactive market to be unprofitable. then use this result characterize, active market, unique budget-balanced allocation implemented by tariff making additional trades with entrant Motivated the recursive structure of allocation, we finally show that i...

abstract research and development (r&d;) spending plays a major role in innovation, raising productivity and increasing economic growth. the purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of r&d; spending on growth and total factor productivity (tfp) in iran's agricultural sector. we estimate growth and productivity models using auto-regressive distributed lag (ardl) approach and data over ...

Abstract Transactions of any complexity between buyers and sellers are supported by long-term contracts these inevitably incomplete. We propose an approach for overcoming contractual incompleteness based on the idea that most people inclined to follow widely accepted social norms, such as being fair-minded acting with integrity. suggest this tendency can be reinforced if norms incorporated into...

ABSTRACT We study how the precision of managers’ private post-contract pre-decision information affects pay–performance relation. Endogenizing environment, we find that firms may optimally tie executive pay closer to firm performance as agency problems become more pronounced. Specifically, varying parameters measuring severity problem, identify parameter regions where with pronounced combine un...

This paper investigates a principal-agent model in which an owner (principal) optimizes a contract with a manager (agent) delegated to undertake an investment project. In the model, we explore the effects of costly exploration by which the manager learns the real value of development cost. We show that high exploration cost can lead to a pooling policy not contingent on project type. Further, a...

Considering markets with nonpivotal buyers, we analyze the anticompetitive effects of breakup fees used by an incumbent facing a more efficient entrant in the future. Buyers differ in their intrinsic switching costs. Breakup fees are profitably used to foreclose entry, regardless of the entrant’s efficiency advantage or level of switching costs. Banning breakup fees is beneficial to consumers. ...

o ne of the effective strategies for economic development of clusters is the conduct of networking activities by cluster members. indeed, the majority of cluster members are micro and small enterprises, so, should attempt to overcome their inherent constraints and influence the market through networking activities. in addition, these enterprises lack an intra-firm research and development unit ...

t his paper investigates the asymmetric behavior of inflation. we use logistic smooth transition autoregressive (lstar) model to characterize the regime-switching behavior of iran’s monthly inflation during the period may 1990 to december 2013. we find that there is a triple relationship between the inflation level, its fluctuations and persistence. the findings imply that the behavior of infla...

abstract i n this paper, we investigate the existence and the nature of real exchange rate misalignment in organization of the petroleum exporting countries (opec). to do this we estimated a cross country basic real exchange rate determination model for 1990-2012 and extracted historic trend of misalignment. the results imply that all opec countries have had misalignment -of different kinds tho...