objective: micro-rnas (mirnas) are a class of posttranscriptional regulators that play crucial roles in various biological processes. emerging evidence suggests a direct link between mirnas and development of several diseases including type 2 diabetes (t2d). in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of predicted mirna and target genes on insulin resistance. materials and methods: this e...

BACKGROUND Enhanced IAPP production may contribute to islet amyloid formation in type 2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the saturated fatty acid palmitate on IAPP levels in human β-cells. METHODS EndoC-βH1 cells and human islets were cultured in the presence of sodium palmitate. Effects on IAPP/insulin mRNA expression and secretion were determined using r...

The in vivo anti-hyperglycemic effect of non-absorbable theaflavins, polyphenolic ingredients black tea, was evaluated spontaneously diabetic Torii (SDT) rats. A mixture theaflavins (25 mg/kg/day) administered to 8-week (wk)-old SDT rats for 20 weeks, showing improve the impaired glucose tolerance 22-wk old pre-diabetic both an oral test and a plasma insulin evaluation. At 28-wk presented with ...

Cyanidin is a natural anthocyanidin present in fruits and vegetables with anti-diabetic properties including stimulation of insulin secretion. However, its mechanism of action remains unknown. In this study, we elucidated the mechanisms of cyanidin for stimulatory insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Rat pancreatic β-cells INS-1 were used to investigate the effects of cyanidin on insulin ...

Insulin resistance and defective insulin secretion are the two major features of type 2 diabetes. The adapter protein APPL1 is an obligatory molecule in regulating peripheral insulin sensitivity, but its role in insulin secretion remains elusive. Here, we show that APPL1 expression in pancreatic β cells is markedly decreased in several mouse models of obesity and diabetes. APPL1 knockout mice e...

Li, Jingsong, Ruihua Luo, Anjaneyulu Kowluru, and GuoDong Li. Novel regulation by Rac1 of glucoseand forskolin-induced insulin secretion in INS-1 -cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 286: E818–E827, 2004. First published January 21, 2004; 10.1152/ ajpendo.00307.2003.—Stimulation of insulin secretion by glucose and other secretagogues from pancreatic islet -cells is mediated by multiple signali...

objective: adipocyte and skeletal muscle are important tissues which contribute the development and progression of metabolic disorder. insulin has a major regulatory function on glucose metabolism in these tissues by redistributing glucose transporter (glut4) from intracellular vesicles to the cell surface. today, due to the side effects of chemical medications attendance to herbal medicines is...

UCPs (uncoupling proteins) can regulate cellular ATP production by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. UCP2 is expressed in islet beta-cells and its induction reduces glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Under physiological conditions, superoxide, formed as a by-product of respiration, activates UCP2. This leads to reduced ATP production, which impairs closure of the ATP-dependent K+ channel...