This paper presents transonic buffet simulations over a swept wing of supercritical airfoils with Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) and Detached-Eddy Simulation (DES) methods. The NASA SC(2)-0714 airfoil is used as wing profile. Computations are conducted at free-stream Mach numbers from 0.72 to 0.84 for Reynolds number 45.0 × 10 based on aerodynamic chord length. Firstly, 2D NAS...

Flapping wings enable flying animals and biomimetic robots to generate elevated aerodynamic forces. Measurements that demonstrate this capability are based on experiments with tethered robots and animals, and indirect force calculations based on measured kinematics or airflow during free flight. Remarkably, there exists no method to measure these forces directly during free flight. Such in vivo...