OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) on breast-feeding initiation and duration overall and according to maternal education. DESIGN Quasi-experimental study using data from five states (Alaska, Maine, Nebraska, Ohio, Washington) that participated in the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System from 1999 to 2009. Using differences-in-differences mo...

BACKGROUND In response to Zambia's critical human resources for health challenges, a number of strategies have been implemented to recruit and retain health workers in rural and remote areas. Prior to this study, the effectiveness of these strategies had not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine the impacts of the various health worker retention strategies on health work...

The purpose of this study was to determine the race profile for a 2000-m simulated rowing race as well as the effect of training and gender on the race profile. Nineteen men and 19 women undertook a 2000-m simulated rowing race before and after 10 weeks of a typical off-season training program for rowing. Velocity was calculated every 200 m and the deviation in velocities from the mean race vel...

ABSTRACT Previous research employing short-term practice and long-term training have been successful in reducing cognitive control deficits in the elderly. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of practice within session on a demanding cognitive control task. Nineteen older adults and 16 young adults performed 720 trials of a cued version of the Stroop task, in which an instructional...

Purpose. To evaluate the educational effect of the Japanese Society of Interventional Radiology 7th Academic Summer Seminar from a technical perspective. Materials and Methods. Nineteen trainees participated in the seminar. The seminar consisted of vertebroplasty trainings using swine with the single-plane landmark method and with the ISOcenter Puncture (ISOP) method. All trainees were advised ...

This essay opens up the question of what difference the history of science makes. What is the value of the history of science, beyond its role as an academic pursuit that we historians of science know and love? It introduces the set of essays that follow as explorations that grew out of a seminar on this topic and that arise from the authors' particular concerns both that historians of science ...

Uncontrolled variables often limit meaningful assessment of visual sensitivity. Previously, we developed a procedure and apparatus for in vivo assessment of light absorption by the human lens. In the current study, we modified a widely used automated perimeter to include our procedure for obtaining an index of lens density. Nineteen individuals were tested on both the original apparatus and the...

The relative contributions of scapulothoracic and glenohumeral motion at different rates of shoulder motion were studied through adduction to abduction in the scapular plane. Nineteen shoulders of 10 healthy individuals (all men, 24-30 years of age) were analyzed using an image intensifier and a high-resolution digital video system. High- and low-speed motion consisted of 2 and 4 seconds per on...