Abstract Acute kidney injury (AKI) is morphologically characterized by a synchronized plasma membrane rupture of cells in specific section nephron, referred to as acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Whereas the involvement necroptosis well characterized, genetic evidence supporting contribution ferroptosis lacking. Here, we demonstrate that loss suppressor protein 1 ( Fsp1 ) or targeted manipulation ...

1001 May 2013 A D VA N C E M E N T S in the field of anesthesia have led to significant improvements in our monitoring capabilities, safer anesthetic drugs, and improved pain control. Despite this remarkable progress, acute organ injury remains one of the leading causes for morbidity and mortality in surgical patients. Patients who require a major surgical intervention—such as cardiothoracic, v...

Regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation (FAO) represents an important mechanism for a sustained balance of energy production/utilization in kidney tissue. To examine the role of stimulated FAO during ischemia, Etomoxir (Eto), clofibrate, and WY-14,643 compounds were given 5 days prior to the induction of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Compared with rats administered vehicle, Eto-, clofibrat...

The volatile anesthetic isoflurane protects against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury by releasing renal tubular TGF-β1. As adenosine is a powerful cytoprotective molecule, we tested whether TGF-β1 generated by isoflurane induces renal tubular ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) and adenosine to protect against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury. Isoflurane induced new CD73 synthesis and increas...

emia-reperfusion injury. FASEB J 2007; 21:2863–73 29. Lee HT, Xu H, Nasr SH, Schnermann J, Emala CW: A1 adenosine receptor knockout mice exhibit increased renal injury following ischemia and reperfusion. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2004; 286:F298 –306 30. Gallos G, Ruyle TD, Emala CW, Lee HT: A1 adenosine receptor knockout mice exhibit increased mortality, renal dysfunction, and hepatic injury i...

Objectives: Acute kidney injury is an important complication in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Recently, several biomarkers to facilitate early detection of acute kidney injury have been proposed, among them Neutrophil-gelatinase-associated-lipocalin, Kidney-injury-molecule-1, and LFatty-acid-binding-protein. The expression of these markers is increased by ischemia-reperfusion injury and ...

Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1, also known as TIM-1) is markedly upregulated in the proximal tubule after injury and is maladaptive when chronically expressed. Here, we determined that early in the injury process, however, KIM-1 expression is antiinflammatory due to its mediation of phagocytic processes in tubule cells. Using various models of acute kidney injury (AKI) and mice expressing muta...

RATIONALE While microvascular injury is associated with chronic rejection, the cause of tissue ischemia during alloimmune injury is not yet elucidated. OBJECTIVE We investigated the contribution of T lymphocytes and complement to microvascular injury-associated ischemia during acute rejection of mouse tracheal transplants. METHODS AND RESULTS Using novel techniques to assess microvascular i...

Macrophages (Mø) are integral in ischemia/reperfusion injury-incited (I/R-incited) acute kidney injury (AKI) that leads to fibrosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD). IL-34 and CSF-1 share a receptor (c-FMS), and both cytokines mediate Mø survival and proliferation but also have distinct features. CSF-1 is central to kidney repair and destruction. We tested the hypothesis that IL-34-dependent, M...

OBJECTIVES Urinary tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 predict the development of acute kidney injury following renal insults of varied aetiology. To aid clinical interpretation, we describe the kinetics of biomarker elevations around an exposure. DESIGN In an ancillary analysis of the multicenter SAPPHIRE study, we examined the kinetics of...